In 1911, Rutherford conducts the now-famous gold-foil experiment. Rutherford concludes that either his observations/data are flawed, or Thomson’s model is. What they observe are deflections of 90 degrees and more, straining the credibility of Thomson’s model. Researchers expect them -particles to pass through the metal atoms with deflections averaging 1/200 of a degree. The numbers disagree with Thomson’s atomic model (and thus his conclusions). They observe that about 1 in every 8000 α-particles are deflected significantly by the metal foils’ atoms. Rutherford and his students, as a part of their investigation into the nature and properties of radioactive emissions, aim α-particles at extremely thin metal foils. One year later, 2 of Rutherford’s students report observations that cast doubts on Thomson’s atomic model. Michael Faraday did not discover the atomic theory, but his work significantly contributed to it and its later development.His discovery was the laws of electrolysis, a process where an electrical current run through water or another substance would separate the molecules of the substance into their component atoms. Its 1908, and Ernest Rutherford, another English chemist (see a trend?), just wins a Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances”. He discovered this when studying the properties and reactions of electrolysis, which runs an electrical current through water or other liquids. Around the same time, two chemists Sir Humphry Davy and Michael Faraday developed electrochemistry which aided in the discovery of new elements. That is, their atoms naturally emit positively charged particles (α-particles), negatively charged particles (β-particles), and energy (γ-radiation). The English scientist Michael Faraday can reasonably be considered one of the greatest minds ever in the fields of electrochemistry and electromagnetism. Answer and Explanation: Michael Faraday discovered that atoms have an electrical component. In 1804 physicist John Dalton advanced the atomic theory of matter, helping scientists determine the mass of the known elements. In the last 4 years of the 19th century, scientists in France – notably Henri Becquerel and Pierre and Marie Curie – discovered that certain elements are radioactive. Okay, so before we get to Rutherford and his model, we have to understand the scientific discoveries that made his research/model possible.
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